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Версия для печати | Главная > Центр > Научные советы > Научный совет по катализу > ... > 2001 год > № 19

№ 19

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СОДЕРЖАНИЕ

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К семидесятилетию академика Владимира Борисовича Казанского

О конкурсах на соискание золотых медалей и премий имени выдающихся ученых, проводимых Российской академией наук в 2002 году

Kirill Zamaraev Fund
for Support of Travel for Students and Scholars from Russia and FSU Countries

Премии в области катализа

Новости науки

Катализ в промышленности (Catalysis in industry)

Гость номера :
академик Ю.А. Золотов "Химики, проявившие себя в иных областях"




К семидесятилетию академика Владимира Борисовича Казанского

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О конкурсах на соискание медалей и премий

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Kirill Zamaraev Fund

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Премии в области катализа

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Новости науки

Physical abd biophysical chemistry division commission on colloid and surface chemistry including catalysis

Nomenclature of structural and compositional characteristics of ordered microporous and mesoporous materials with inorganic hosts (IUPAC Recommendations 2001)

Abstract: A system of terms applicable to ordered microporous and mesoporous materials is proposed, and rules for writing a standardized crystal chemical formula for such materials are presented. The recommendations are based both on common usage and on a systematic classification scheme. The nomenclature has been developed to encompass all inorganic materials with ordered, accessible pores with free diameters of less than 50 nm. The crystal chemical formula describes the chemical composition of both the guest species and the host, the structure of the host, the structure of the pore system, and the symmetry of the material. This formula can be simplified or expanded to suit the user's requirements.

Fast Work Under Mild Conditions

Soluble gold catalyst uses O2 in air at room temperature to oxidize thioethers

Cosmetics, coatings, and fabrics that catalytically destroy contaminants in the air, for example, a skin cream that protects soldiers against blistering agents, could result from the discovery of a soluble gold complex that uses oxygen in the air to catalyze the selective oxidation of thioethers to sulfoxides under ambient conditions [J.Am.Chem.Soc., 123, 1625 (2001)].

The catalyst was developed at Emory University by chemistry professor Craig L. Hill and coworkers Eric Boring and Yurii V. Geletii. It works several orders of magnitude faster than the best previously known soluble O2-based oxidation catalysts, which are active only at elevated temperatures. Hill believes the new complex is the first homogeneous catalyst that selectively oxidizes organic compounds under ambient conditions in air.

The active complex consists of a gold(III) center having two chloride ligands, one nitrate ligand, and one thioether ligand, which is the reaction substrate. Mechanistic studies indicate that the oxygen atom in the sulfoxide product comes from H2O, which is consumed and subsequently regenerated from O2 during the reaction. Molecular oxygen also serves to regenerate the Au(III) complex, which is reduced to Au(I) during the catalytic cycle.

The Emory chemists got on the trail of the new catalyst after they discovered that several inorganic complexes in a combinatorial library could catalyze the air oxidation of 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide. This thioether, which is difficult to convert to the sulfoxide, is used in the lab as a stand-in for mustard gas [bis(2-chloroethyl) sulfide], a chemical warfare agent.

Hill's group also has uncovered much more complex inorganic compounds that display "striking" catalytic properties in air, with or without solvents. The group is collaborating with Nanoscale Materials Inc. of Manhattan, Kan., to develop these catalysts for use against chemical warfare agents and for cleaning the air of polluting sulfur compounds. {Ron Dagani}

C&EN/March 5, 2001


Катализ в промышленности (Catalysis in industry)

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"Химики, проявившие себя в иных областях"

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